Who's Leading the Leading Health Indicators? Tobacco
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August 2017 |
OverviewTobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. Cigarette smoking alone causes more than an estimated 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including more than 41,000 deaths from secondhand smoke exposure.1 Moreover, for every 1 death caused by smoking, there are about 32 Americans living with a serious illness caused by smoking. Besides the human cost, smoking takes a considerable financial toll on society; each year, estimated smoking costs in the United States are more than $300 billion, including nearly $170 billion on direct medical care to treat smoking-related disease.2 Youth use of tobacco products in any form is unsafe. Nearly 9 in 10 adults who are current cigarette smokers first tried a cigarette before age 18. Every day, about 2,500 youth3 aged 18 years or younger smoke their first cigarette.4 In 2016, 3.9 million U.S. middle and high school students reported currently using at least 1 tobacco product, such as e-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes,5,6 cigars, hookah, and smokeless tobacco. Disparities in use of tobacco products exist across population groups. For example, some racial/ethnic minorities, those with less income and education, those with mental illness, those who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, and those living in the South and Midwest regions of the United States use tobacco products at higher rates than their counterparts. Preventing tobacco use and helping tobacco users quit can improve the health and quality of life for Americans of all ages. People who stop smoking greatly reduce their risk of disease and premature death.7,8,9 Benefits are greater for people who stop at earlier ages, but quitting is beneficial at any age.9 |
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Leading Health IndicatorsLeading Health Indicators (LHIs) are critical health issues that—if tackled appropriately—will dramatically reduce the leading causes of death and preventable illnesses. The Tobacco LHIs are:
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Where We’ve Been and Where We’re GoingOver the past decade, the current cigarette smoking rate among adults aged 18 years and over decreased by 26.4%, from 20.8% in 2005 to 15.3% in 2015 (age adjusted). Several population groups in selected demographic categories had the lowest rate of current cigarette smoking among adults, including those with an advanced degree, Asian persons, females, those born outside of the U.S., those without disabilities, those living in metropolitan areas, and older adults. The rate of cigarette use in the last 30 days among students in grades 9–12 decreased by 53.0% in the past decade, from 23.0% in 2005 to 10.8% in 2015. Several population groups in selected demographic categories had the lowest rate of cigarette use in the last 30 days among students in grades 9–12, including black non-Hispanic students, females, and those in 9th grade. |
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Who’s Leading the Leading Health Indicators?Reducing Youth Tobacco Use in Hawai‘i Through Prevention
Soon after the release of the IOM report, Hawai‘i became the first state to pass a “Tobacco 21” bill. The law, Act 122, increased the MLA for selling, possessing, buying, or using tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. It created penalties for selling tobacco products illegally and fines and community service for buying, possessing, or using them illegally. Read the Full Story |
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Leading Health Indicator Infographic |
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1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014. Printed with corrections, January 2014. 2 Xu X, Bishop EE, Kennedy SM, Simpson SA, Pechacek TF. Annual Healthcare Spending Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: An Update. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;48(3):326–33. 3 Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. Available from: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015.pdf 4 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2012/index.htm 5 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). At a Glance 2016 Tobacco Use: Extinguishing the Epidemic. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2016/tobacco-aag.pdf 6 Jamal A, Gentzke A, Hu SS, et al. Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:597–603. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a1 7 Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Treating tobacco use and dependence—2008 update. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2008 May. 8 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1990. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416. 9 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2001. |
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In 2015, an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report projected that if the United States immediately raised the minimum legal sales age (MLA) for tobacco products from 18 to 21, there would be approximately 223,000 fewer premature deaths for those born between 2000 and 2019.
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