Elderberry: Science and Safety

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U.S. Department of Health & Human Services  /  National Institutes of Health

Background 

  • Elderberry is the dark purple berry of the European or black elder tree. It is promoted as a dietary supplement for colds, flu, and other conditions. It has also been promoted for COVID-19, but there is no good evidence to support its use. 

What Have We Learned? 

  • Some preliminary research suggests that elderberry may relieve symptoms of flu, colds, or other upper respiratory infections. 
  • There’s not enough information to show whether elderberry is helpful for any other health purposes. 

What Do We Know About Safety? 

  • Raw or unripe elderberries and other parts of the elder tree, such as the leaves and stem, contain a toxic substance that can cause nausea, vomiting, and severe diarrhea. Cooking eliminates the toxin. 

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