WASHINGTON, DC— The Institute of Museum and Library Services has released the latest data from its Public Libraries Survey (PLS). Each year since 1988, the PLS has provided a national census of America’s public libraries. The data are collected from approximately 9,000 public library systems comprised of over 17,000 individual main libraries, library branches, and bookmobiles in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories.  

This year’s data make clear that public libraries remain one of the most trusted and utilized institutions in American life. With over 800 million visits, millions of programs offered, and a steady rise in both physical and digital circulation, libraries are demonstrating their enduring relevance and reach in communities nationwide. 

“Libraries offer critical resources that enable Americans to improve their lives and pursue the American Dream, driving more people to use these institutions every day,” said IMLS Acting Director Keith Sonderling. “In one year, over 155 million people across this country accessed job hunt support, early childhood education, and countless other services at their local libraries. Supporting these programs is supporting American success.” 

Highlighted trends from the PLS Benchmarking Tables include:  

• Public libraries served over 155 million registered users in 2023, nearly half of all Americans living within a library service area. 

• Library visits nearly doubled compared to 2021, reaching over 800 million in 2023. That’s an average of 2.2 million visits every day—clear evidence of the public’s renewed reliance on library services post-pandemic.  

• Libraries expanded their programming significantly in 2023, offering 1.2 million more programs than in 2022. A total of 93 million people attended 4.6 million programs, addressing critical needs in early learning, digital and financial literacy, workforce development, and public health.  

• Circulation of physical materials rebounded strongly, rising to 4.37 items per person in 2023—up from a pandemic-era low of 3.41 in 2021—reflecting a strong return to in-person engagement with public libraries.   

• Digital access continues to expand, with per person circulation of e-books, e-audio, and e-video reaching 1.68 in 2023—marking another year of steady growth in electronic resource use.  

• The public library workforce is showing strong signs of recovery. Staffing levels have largely returned to pre-pandemic levels, signaling resilience and renewed investment in the professionals who deliver essential library services.