Lessons Learned from OES’ 8 Vaccination Uptake Evaluations
 Figure 1: Summary of OES Evaluations
As shown in Figure 1, the interventions ranged from email, postcard, letter, or social media notifications for potential vaccine recipients, to a more formal report card of a school’s vaccination compliance rate for school administrators, to an intensive change to a hospital’s electronic health record (EHR) clinical reminders for clinicians.
Four key lessons are particularly important in the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program:
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Interventions: Behaviorally-informed direct communications (letters, emails, etc.) can increase vaccination rates at scale but may have smaller, less reliable effects on vaccination behavior than the published literature suggests.
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Rapid evaluation: Rapid evaluations of vaccination-uptake interventions in real-world contexts at scale are essential for learning what works in specific contexts for populations of interest.
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Randomized evaluation infrastructure: Designing vaccination administration systems to support randomized evaluations can make evidence building easier and cost-effective.
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Cost-effectiveness: Additional evidence is needed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of behaviorally-informed direct communications relative to other interventions.
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