In February, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) added a Wastewater Surveillance tab to its COVID Data Tracker.
The new dashboard, which will be updated daily, provides a color-coded view of how the levels of virus in the wastewater have changed in participating communities over the previous 15 days. More than 600 wastewater testing sites across the country are currently providing this data to CDC.
CDC encourages local public health officials to use this data to inform their public health decisions related to COVID-19. However, CDC emphasizes that SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance is not a standalone approach; it is best used in conjunction with other surveillance data.
Wastewater surveillance has great potential for use in public health. It has been used as a tool for state-level resource allocation decisions such as where to set up mobile COVID-19 testing sites or how to expand hospital capacity, and to measure how a jurisdiction is performing in curbing the spread of the disease. Data from wastewater surveillance can reveal the presence of SARS-COV-2 even in a population of asymptomatic individuals, and regardless of whether individuals in a population have sought health care for their symptoms.
CDC published a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) in September 2021 discussing the wastewater surveillance efforts of pioneering programs in Ohio and Utah that were used to guide health departments’ COVID-19 responses early in the pandemic. An additional report published in CDC’s Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal in September 2021 discusses the limitations of wastewater surveillance data and barriers to overcome before this data can be fully used for public health action.
In January 2022, CDC published a MMWR highlighting the use of wastewater surveillance data by California, Colorado, New York City, and Houston, Texas, during the rapid spread of the Omicron variant last year. The report discusses how this data was able to provide early warning of the presence of Omicron even before it was detected in clinical settings, and it discusses the limitations and interpretive framework for this data.
CDC launched its National Wastewater Surveillance System (NWSS) in September 2020. Since then, CDC has been ramping up a national capability to use wastewater surveillance to provide an early warning system for public health officials on the presence and trending levels of SARS-COV-2 in community populations.
Through the NWSS program, CDC is currently supporting 37 states, four cities, and two territories to help develop wastewater surveillance systems. NWSS participation is expected to grow as CDC continues to assist health departments and public health laboratories develop wastewater surveillance coordination, epidemiology, and laboratory capacity.
To learn more about the CDC’s NWSS, how to interpret and use wastewater surveillance data, and how your jurisdiction can participate in CDC’s NWSS or its communities of practice for public health and water utilities, visit CDC’s Wastewater Surveillance website.
(Source: CDC)
This month, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) released several new and updated tools for estimating risk from natural disasters as part of its Hazus software suite. These tools can assist mitigation planners, GIS specialists, and emergency managers to determine potential losses from disasters and to identify the most effective mitigation actions for minimizing those losses.
The new and updated tools are:
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Flood Hazard Import Tool (FHIT). FHIT is a newly developed open-source tool that allows Hazus users to rapidly access and incorporate publicly available coastal flood hazard data from ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model), and eventually other sources, into a Hazus flood analysis.
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Hurricane Hazard Import Tool (HHIT). HHIT is an open-source tool that allows Hazus users to rapidly access and incorporate authoritative hurricane hazard data from Hurrevac into a Hazus hurricane analysis. The tool was updated so that it runs with Miniforge instead of Anaconda, ensuring that it remains freely available.
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Flood Assessment Structure Tool (FAST). FAST that rapidly analyzes building-level flood risk using the Hazus flood model methodology. FEMA designed FAST to make building-specific flood risk assessments quicker, simpler, and more resource effective. The tool was updated to include Average Annualized Loss calculation functionality.
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Hazus Export Tool. The Hazus Export Tool is used for a quick and easy extraction of Hazus results into readily usable data formats. This aids in visualizing risk assessment results to support risk communication and a deeper analysis. The tool was updated to include the Hazus Batch Export Tool.
These tools are provided through FEMA’s Hazus program. Hazus is a nationally applicable standardized methodology that contains models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis. Hazus uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to estimate physical, economic, and social impacts of disasters. It graphically illustrates the limits of identified high-risk locations. Users can then visualize the spatial relationships between populations and other more permanently fixed geographic assets or resources for the specific hazard being modeled, a crucial function in the pre-disaster planning process.
Learn more about Hazus on FEMA’s website and download the free Hazus software with these new and updated tools at FEMA’s Flood Map Service Center. Please reach out to FEMA’s Hazus Team at FEMA-Hazus-Support@fema.dhs.gov if you have any comments or questions.
(Source: FEMA)
The Justice Clearinghouse is hosting a webinar on Lessons Learned from the Post-George Floyd and Capitol Protests.
The mass demonstrations of 2020 and 2021 were different than previous years in several ways. Increasing numbers of recent mass demonstrations and protests have been about and directed toward law enforcement. These demonstrations were planned and coordinated, effectively leveraged social media and messaging applications, and used more advanced logistics and tactics to counteract known law enforcement and government response strategies. These mass demonstrations have been characterized by larger numbers of participants who came from all walks of life, smaller groups who were dynamic and fluid in their movements and were more organized than the responding law enforcement agencies.
These gatherings posed challenges to well-practiced law enforcement standard operating procedures and crowd control strategies. The lessons learned from the responses to these demonstrations have shown the need for innovative approaches to preparation and response to protests that preserve democracy and public safety. This webinar will highlight some of the common themes, lessons learned, and promising practices from the public safety responses to these recent mass demonstrations.
The webinar is schedule for Aug. 23, 2022 at 1:00 p.m. EST. This webinar is free and open to anyone interested but advanced registration is required.
(Source: Justice Clearinghouse)
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