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May 29, 2026
In This Edition
Immunity from vaccination can decrease over time and the COVID-19 virus circulates throughout the year, even in summer. A second dose of the 2025-26 COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for patients at high-risk for severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 infection.
- Adults 65 years of age and older should receive a second dose six months after their first seasonal dose.
- People 6 months of age and older who are moderately or severely immunocompromised may also need additional doses based on shared clinical decision-making with their healthcare provider.
A minimum interval of two months is recommended between doses of Comirnaty, Spikevax and Nuvaxovid. A minimum interval of three months is recommended for mNexspike. For more information visit:
As the 2026 FIFA World Cup approaches, please prepare for increased communicable disease risks associated with large international gatherings. Matches will take place between June 11 and July 19 across 16 host cities in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with an estimated 6 million attendees expected in the U.S. alone. The Pan American Health Organization has identified the World Cup as a potential risk for measles and other disease transmission. International travelers may delay seeking care due to unfamiliarity with the U.S. healthcare system, increasing the potential for disease spread among unvaccinated or vulnerable populations.
With ongoing measles outbreaks globally and within the U.S., discuss summer travel plans with patients now and ensure they are up to date on their measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Follow this guidance for international travelers and those traveling to areas within the U.S. experiencing a measles outbreak:
- Infants 6 to 11 months old can receive an early MMR dose.
- Children 1 to 4 years of age may receive an early second MMR dose if at least 28 days have passed since their first dose.
- Adults born in or after 1957 without evidence of immunity should receive two doses of MMR.
Clinicians should consider measles in travelers returning with fever, rash, cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. If measles is suspected, notify the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) immediately at 651-201-5414.
MDH recommends considering use of PCV20 over PCV21 for adults at increased risk for serotype 4 IPD who live in the seven-county metro area. There is no preferential recommendation for the use of any one pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) over another except in communities with high percentages of serotype 4 pneumococcal disease.
In Minnesota there has been a rise in serotype 4 IPD, particularly among adults 19 to 49 years of age in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area (Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington counties). Between 2023 and 2025, serotype 4 accounted for more than 30% of IPD cases in this age group, exceeding the threshold at which CDC economic models suggest vaccines covering serotype 4 offer greater benefit*. Overall, serotype 4 IPD cases disproportionately affect adults under 65 years of age, particularly those experiencing homelessness, current smokers, and people with a history of injection drug use.
Pneumococcal vaccine recommendations for adults include routine vaccination for all people 50 years of age and older and in special situations such as those under 50 years of age with certain risk conditions. Details regarding these recommendations can found on the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Adult Immunization Schedule.
*MMWR, Expanded Recommendations for Use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2024 (PDF).
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