New edition of popular handbook released, plus the risks of H5N1 in feline populations

Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page.

board of animal health

Animal Bytes

January 2025

H5N1 serves up a dangerous kitty cocktail

Cat

First it was birds, then it was cattle, and now it's being noticed more frequently in cats. H5N1 is expanding its reach and infecting more than farm cats in areas where there are known influenza cases in livestock. Because of the growing concern of H5N1 appearing in new cat populations, the University of Wisconsin's Shelter Medicine Academic Collaborative says H5N1 in feline patients should be a focus for veterinarians. The neurological signs in infected cats associated with the H5N1 virus are indistinguishable from those of cats infected with rabies. All cats with neurological signs that either die or are euthanized should be tested for both diseases. Because of the similarity of clinical signs to rabies it is very important (for both the owners and veterinary staff) to wear the proper PPE (personal protective equipment) such as masks, gloves, and eye protection, as well as reporting any bites or scratches obtained while working with potentially infected cats.

H5N1 infected cats may exhibit any one or a combination of the following:

  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Low appetite
  • Reddened or inflamed eyes
  • Discharge from the eyes and nose
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Neurologic signs like tremors, seizures, confusion or circling
  • Unexplained death

Shelters and rescues should also consider periodic surveillance testing for avian influenza type A (H5N1) in cats where 10 - 20 percent of the cat population is showing clinical signs of respiratory infection. Common prevalence of respiratory disease can mask the arrival of a new pathogen. While positive results identify infected animals, negative results in live animals do not rule out infection.

The following are risk factors for feline exposure to H5N1:

  • Contact with sick or deceased cats, wild birds, backyard flocks, or poultry farms
  • Contact with dairy farms
  • Consumption of raw meat, dairy products, or raw pet food
  • Known exposure to other animals infected with H5N1

Recommended intake questions for feline patients:

  • Is this cat from a dairy or poultry farm?
  • Has this cat had any known exposure to sick or deceased birds?
  • Has this cat had any known exposure to sick or deceased cats?
  • Has this cat shown any neurological or respiratory signs?
  • Has this cat had exposure to a person diagnosed with H5N1?
  • Is this cat fed a raw pet food diet?

H5N1 testing is currently available at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL). For deceased or euthanized animals, please submit the whole animal. For live animals, please submit a nasopharyngeal swab. Samples should be refrigerated and shipped in an insulated box with ice packs. Contact the VDL at 612-625-8787 for questions related to animal testing including how to properly obtain and submit samples.

No cases of transmission between humans and cats have been reported in the current national outbreak. H5N1 is considered low risk to the public, but risk is greater for those who handle and care for infected animals.

Keep reading...

Where to report reportable diseases

Do you have an animal with a strange disease and aren't sure if you should report it to the Minnesota Board of Animal Health? Finding yourself unsure about which diseases are reportable to the Board?

Thankfully, you don’t have to navigate this maze alone. We are here for you!

Who Must Report

Minnesota state statute 35.06 states, “A person who knows or reasonably suspects that a contagious or infectious disease exists in a domestic animal shall immediately notify the board.” This is further clarified by rule 1721.0020, Subpart 7, which states: “A person who knows or reasonably suspects that an animal is infected with a disease listed on the board’s reportable animal diseases list must immediately report that knowledge or suspicion to the board.”

In short, if you know about it, let us know about it.

What Must be Reported

While there are some diseases that are obviously reportable, like Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) or African Swine Fever (ASF), there are many other diseases like Canine Influenza, Scrapie and Tuberculosis that require reporting as well. Also, the circumstances and timeline for reporting differs based on the illness. In some cases, suspect cases must be reported immediately, others require confirmatory testing from a diagnostic laboratory.

Sound vague and confusing? Luckily, we have a complete list of reportable diseases including details of presentation, treatment, and specifics for reporting available on our website. The list is also available as a downloadable and printable PDF.

How Reports are to be Made

When you’re ready to report, it’s time to pick up the phone and give us a call. In this case, you have options!

  • Minnesota Board of Animal Health: 651-296-2942 or your district veterinarian (business hours)
  • Minnesota Poultry Testing Laboratory: 320-231-5170 (business hours)
  • Minnesota Duty Officer: 800-422-0798 (after hours)

If you still have questions about reporting, please feel free to get in touch. For a complete list of program emails, check out our Contact Us page.


Livestock Exhibition Handbook updated

Exhibition season is only a few months away and now is the time to make sure you'll be ready to move your animals to events without going awry of our rules and regulations. Some examples of things you can glean from our sixth edition of this handy handout include:

  • Responsibilities of the event manager and official veterinarian.
  • Biosecurity recommendations.
  • Movement requirements for different species.
  • Official identification requirements for different species.
  • Disease screening test results you must report before the event.

Save a tree and read the online copy of the Livestock Exhibition Handbook, or print a copy to stash in your truck or livestock trailer so you'll always know before you go.

Next two Board meeting dates selected

The Board will hold its first two quarterly meetings of 2025 in February and April. While the locations are still being determined, the dates have been selected:

  • February 4, 2025 at 9:30 a.m.
  • April 1, 2025 at 9:30 a.m.

Visit our website for the latest agenda and virtual meeting information.