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Despite a combined effort to loosen regulations on removal
and to increase awareness of the problem, the feral hog population has now
reached all 67 counties in Alabama.
Chuck Sykes has been dealing with the scourge of feral hogs
for years, now as Director of the Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries
(WFF) Division, and previously as a private wildlife consultant. Sykes said
some landowners are making progress. Others, not so much.
“It just depends,” Sykes said. “Some places are; some
aren’t. Places that are on year-round trapping programs and practicing whole
sounder (family group) removal, yeah, they’re making good headway. People who
are trapping sporadically or thinking they’re doing any good night hunting or
hunting over bait (both of which are not allowed during deer season), they’re
fighting a losing battle.”
Sykes, who has been WFF Director for four years, said he
dealt with feral hogs a great deal before he became director.
“Back in the day when I first started trapping hogs with box
traps you’d catch one or two and think you were doing a good job,” he said.
“With trail cameras you could see you were only catching a portion of what was
there with traps they tripped themselves. Now there is a lot of technology out
there with corral-type systems that causes the door to fall using your cell
phone. That’s the only way to do it now. Everything we do is a learning
process. Ten years ago, box traps were the best thing going. Then you had a
corral trap with a root stick or a push door. Now you have corral traps with
electronic doors. There’s no telling what’s going to be coming in the future.
“I’m not saying people need to quit what they’re doing. I’m
just saying that whole sounder removal is the only way to make significant
headway, with electronic doors that you can activate when you want to.”
The small farm of Tes and Ron Jolly near Tuskegee is a
perfect example of what Sykes just proposed.
The Jollys’ first hog sighting occurred in 2004, and they’ve
been in a battle ever since.
“Rumor was a neighboring hunting club brought them in and
turned them loose to hunt,” said Ron of a practice of transporting live feral
hogs that has now been banned in Alabama. “Since that time, we’ve been
losing ground ever since. We tried shooting them. We tried box traps.”
The possession, transportation and/or release of live feral
hogs is banned in Alabama. The WFF Enforcement Section recently arrested 13
Alabama residents for possession of live feral hogs and issued warrants for two
residents in Florida and one in Mississippi.
The hog problem became so bad for the Jollys that they were
unable to grow crops that would benefit the preferred wildlife, mainly
white-tailed deer and wild turkeys.
“We can’t grow chufa,” Ron said. “We can’t grow corn. Even
in the green fields, when the wheat makes heads the hogs get it. It really
limits what we can do. As a result, we haven’t killed a mature buck that
weighed more than 200 pounds in a while. Four- to five-year-old bucks used to
average between 210 and 215 pounds. The last three years we’ve killed four- and
five-year-old bucks that weighed 175 to 185 pounds. I think that’s a direct
result of what we had to do, which is not grow corn and stuff they can feed on
in the summer time.
“We had to change everything. Quite frankly, the best thing
we’ve done is plant clover in our green plots, which provides forage to the
middle of June. After that, they’re on their own.”
Tes and Ron finally made the decision to invest in one of
the trapping systems with an electronically controlled trap door.
“For the first time in six or seven years at least we feel
like we’ve got a fighting chance,” Ron said. “Two different neighbors have also
bought the systems, and we’re trying to build a co-op with other landowners. If
a sounder comes on the place now, I feel like I’ve got a chance to get them
all. It may take me a month to do it, but we’ve caught 47 hogs in the trap
since the Fourth of July.”
The system the Jollys purchased allows remote monitoring of
the corral and remote activation of the trap door.
“That’s absolutely the way to go. I’m sitting in Montgomery,
and if a hog goes in the trap I can catch him,” Ron said. “The main thing it
allows me to do is not drop the gate on two of 10. When we drop the gate, we
know how many pigs are inside. We can drop the gate when all of them are inside
and we can get them all.
“The answer is total sounder removal. And we need to expand
our cooperative to get other people helping with the removal. I can do it, but
if the guy across the fence is not doing it, all he’s doing is growing pigs for
me to catch.”
The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES) is trying to
help with that effort to band landowners together in their battle against the
hogs.
ACES has teamed with other agencies such as the Natural
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Alabama Wildlife Federation and Alabama
Soil and Water Conservation, to name a few, to develop a pilot program to both
educate the public on the feral hog problem and provide information on traps
from the cheapest option to the latest technology in hog traps.
The project involves purchasing a trailer that publicizes
hog control efforts through a graphics message on each side. The trailer can be
transported around Alabama to complement the seminars being conducted on hog
control.
The second part of the project is to provide the public with
the opportunity to rent one of the trap doors that can be monitored and closed
remotely via a smartphone app, though the project is in its infancy and details
are still being worked out.
WFF Technical Assistance Wildlife Biologist Matt Brock said
there’s no doubt the insidious creep of the feral hog population continues
throughout Alabama.
“We have noticed that hogs are showing up on trail cameras
in areas they have not been seen before,” Brock said. “I’m getting requests for
technical assistance from landowners who have never had hogs on their property
before, so it appears they are still expanding their range. They are definitely
on the move.
“And I don’t know how the drought is going to affect that.
The last few complaints I’ve had were from people with farm ponds they use for
livestock. The hogs have shown up because it’s about the only source of water
unless they’re on a major creek or river drainage. The farmers don’t know what
to think. They’re seeing them for the first time and are concerned about the
impact of the hogs. The biggest question is what they need to do.”
Brock said he’s been making site visits to educate the
landowners on what to do to prevent the hogs from doing extensive damage. The
estimate of agricultural damage done by feral hogs is $1.5 billion annually in
the U.S.
“The best answer to hogs is trapping the whole sounder,”
Brock said. “That’s what I’ve been encouraging people to do. People will go out
and shoot hogs. They think that by shooting two or three it might help
eliminate the hog problem. In actuality, it doesn’t. I tell people to be
patient and start pre-baiting. Try to find out how many are in the sounder.
Then get them all to come into the trap together, even if it takes several
weeks. Our goal is total sounder removal. That way you can remove that entire
social unit from that particular area. Then monitor the area, and do it again
if the hogs move back in.”
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The most effective method to deal with a feral hog problem is to trap the entire sounder or social unit in an enclosure with a trap door that can be triggered remotely using a smartphone app.
Photo courtesy of Tes Jolly.
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