May 2017 Passenger Airline Employment Data

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BTS 35-17                                                                                                                                                    

Thursday, July 20, 2017

Contact: Dave Smallen

Tel: 202-366-5568

david.smallen@dot.gov                                                                                                                           

BTS Statistics Release: May 2017 Passenger Airline Employment Data

 

U.S. scheduled passenger airlines employed 3.6 percent more workers in May 2017 than in May 2016, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) reported today. May was the highest monthly full-time equivalent (FTE) total (425,251) since July 2005 (428,091) and was the 43nd consecutive month that U.S. scheduled passenger airline FTEs exceeded the same month of the previous year (Tables 1, 2, 3).

 

Fig1 

 

Month-to-month, the number of FTEs rose 0.4 percent from April to May (Table 1A). Scheduled passenger airline categories include network, low-cost, regional and other airlines. Historical employment data can be found on the BTS web site. 

 

The four network airlines reported 2.4 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than in May 2016 (Tables 7, 8, 9). Alaska Airlines, United Airlines, American Airlines and Delta Air Lines all increased FTEs from May 2016 (Table 9). Month-to-month, the number of network airline FTEs rose 0.3 percent from April to May (Table 1A).

 

The network airlines employed 8.1 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than in May 2013 (Tables 8, 9). Network airlines operate a significant portion of their flights using at least one hub where connections are made for flights to down-line destinations or spoke cities.

 

The six low-cost carriers reported 8.3 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than in May 2016 (Tables 10, 11, 12). Frontier Airlines, Spirit Airlines, Allegiant Airlines, JetBlue Airways, Virgin America and Southwest Airlines increased FTEs from May 2016 (Table 12). Month-to-month, the number of low-cost airline FTEs rose 0.9 percent from April to May, rising for the 22nd consecutive month (Table 1A). The six low-cost airlines employed 27.3 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than in May 2013 (Tables 11, 12). Low-cost airlines operate under a low-cost business model, with infrastructure and aircraft operating costs below the overall industry average.

 

The 11 regional carriers reported 2.5 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than in May 2016 (Tables 13, 14, 15). Eight regional airlines – Endeavor Air, PSA Airlines, Envoy Air, SkyWest Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airlines, Horizon Air, and Compass Airlines – increased FTEs from May 2016. Both Air Wisconsin and ExpressJet Airlines reported a decrease, while GoJet was unchanged (Table 15). Month-to-month, the number of regional airline FTEs rose 0.7 percent from April to May (Table 1A). The 11 regional carriers reporting in May 2017 employed 4.8 percent more FTEs in May 2017 than the 15 carriers reporting in May 2013 (Tables 14, 15). Regional carriers typically provide service from small cities, using primarily regional jets to support the network carriers’ hub and spoke systems.                            

 

Carrier Groups: The four network airlines employed 65.2 percent of the 425,251 FTEs employed by all scheduled passenger airlines in May, the six low-cost carriers employed 20.9 percent and the 11 regional carriers employed 12.2 percent (Table 4). In comparison, in May 2006, the network airlines employed 65.9 percent of the FTEs, the six low-cost carriers employed 17.3 percent and the regional carriers employed 14.7 percent (Table 5).

 

Top Employers by Group: American employed the most FTEs (100,528) in May among the network airlines, Southwest employed the most FTEs (55,115) among low-cost airlines, and Envoy employed the most FTEs (11,489) among regional airlines. The three airlines with the most FTEs in May – American, United and Delta– employed 62.3 percent of the month’s total passenger airline FTEs (Tables 3, 6).

 

Reporting Notes

 

Airlines that operate at least one aircraft that has more than 60 seats or the capacity to carry a payload of passengers, cargo and fuel weighing more than 18,000 pounds must report monthly employment statistics.

 

The “Other Carrier” category generally reflects those airlines that operate within specific niche markets such as the Hawaiian Islands served by Hawaiian Airlines and Island Air Hawaii.

                            

Data are compiled from monthly reports filed with BTS by commercial air carriers as of July 7. Additional airline employment data and previous press releases can be found on the BTS website.  BTS has scheduled release of June 2017 passenger airline employment data for Aug. 17. 

 

  

Table 1: Yearly Change in Scheduled Passenger Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Airline Group

Most recent 13 months - percent change from same month of the previous year

 

Network Airlines

Low-Cost Airlines

Regional Airlines

Other Airlines

All Passenger Airlines **

May 2015 - May 2016

2.3

10.7

0.2

9.3

3.7

Jun 2015 - Jun 2016

2.3

11.0

0.9

10.6

3.9

Jul 2015 - Jul 2016

2.4

11.3

3.3

11.2

4.3

Aug 2015 - Aug 2016

2.5

11.0

3.3

11.9

4.3

Sep 2015 - Sep 2016

2.6

10.6

2.9

13.0

4.3

Oct 2015 - Oct 2016

2.7

10.3

0.3

12.7

4.0

Nov 2015 - Nov 2016

2.3

9.8

0.2

13.5

3.7

Dec 2015 - Dec 2016

2.4

9.5

0.2

13.7

3.7

Jan 2016 - Jan 2017

2.3

9.7

1.9

12.7

3.9

Feb 2016 - Feb 2017

2.4

9.4

2.4

11.8

3.9

Mar 2016 - Mar 2017

2.7

9.1

2.0

11.7

4.0

Apr 2016 - Apr 2017

2.6

8.5

2.1

10.7

3.9

May 2016 - May 2017

2.4

8.3

2.5

4.2

3.6

           

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers. Other Carriers generally operate within specific niche markets. They are: Hawaiian Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Island Air Hawaii.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

Note: See Table 2 for all passenger airlines, Table 7 for Network, Table 10 for Low-Cost and Table 13 for Regional.

 

  

Table 1A: Monthly Change in Scheduled Passenger Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Airline Group

Percent change in FTEs from the previous month

     

 

Network Airlines

Low-Cost Airlines

Regional Airlines

Other Airlines

All Passenger Airlines **

May 2016 - Jun 2016

0.3

0.9

0.5

0.8

0.5

Jun 2016 - Jul 2016

0.2

0.8

0.4

1.0

0.3

Jul 2016 - Aug 2016

0.1

0.4

-0.1

0.9

0.1

Aug 2016 - Sep 2016

0.0

0.5

-0.5

1.5

0.1

Sep 2016 - Oct 2016

0.2

0.9

-0.1

0.8

0.3

Oct 2016 - Nov 2016

-0.2

0.5

0.0

1.5

0.0

Nov 2016 - Dec 2016

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.5

0.1

Dec 2016 - Jan 2017

-0.1

1.0

1.6

0.5

0.4

Jan 2017 - Feb 2017

0.4

0.9

0.4

0.6

0.5

Feb 2017 - Mar 2017

0.8

0.6

-0.3

0.6

0.6

Mar 2017 - Apr 2017

0.3

0.6

0.0

-0.1

0.3

Apr 2017 - May 2017

0.3

0.9

0.7

-4.4

0.4

           

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers. Other Carriers generally operate within specific niche markets. They are: Hawaiian Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Island Air Hawaii.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

Note: See Table 2 for all passenger airlines, Table 7 for Network, Table 10 for Low-Cost and Table 13 for Regional.

 

 

 

Table 2: Change from Previous Year in Scheduled Passenger Airline* Full-time Equivalent Employees**

Percent change compared to same month the previous year

Month

2014

2015

2016

2017

January

0.5

1.2

4.1

3.9

February

0.4

1.8

3.8

3.9

March

0.8

1.9

3.9

4.0

April

1.0

2.4

3.6

3.9

May

1.1

2.6

3.7

3.6

June

0.9

3.0

3.9

 

July

1.3

2.7

4.3

 

August

1.0

3.3

4.3

 

September

1.1

3.3

4.3

 

October

0.9

4.0

4.0

 

November

1.5

3.7

3.7

 

December

1.4

3.9

3.7

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.

** Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Table 3: Scheduled Passenger Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2013 – 2017

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Month

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 – 2017

January

380.0

381.8

386.5

402.2

417.8

9.9

3.9

February

380.4

382.0

389.0

403.9

419.8

10.3

3.9

March

380.5

383.6

390.8

406.0

422.3

11.0

4.0

April

380.5

384.3

393.4

407.8

423.5

11.3

3.9

May

381.4

385.6

395.6

410.3

425.3

11.5

3.6

June

381.7

385.2

397.0

412.3

 

 

 

July

381.3

386.2

396.5

413.7

 

 

 

August

380.5

384.5

397.0

414.2

 

 

 

September

380.2

384.5

397.3

414.6

 

 

 

October

381.2

384.7

399.9

416.0

 

 

 

November

381.2

386.9

401.3

416.0

 

 

 

December

380.8

386.2

401.4

416.3

 

 

 

Jan - May Average

380.6

383.5

391.1

406.0

421.7

10.8

3.9

12-Month Average

380.8

384.6

395.5

411.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.

** Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

Table 4: Airline Group Full-time Equivalent Employees*, May 2013 - 2017

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Year

Network Airlines

Low-Cost Airlines

Regional Airlines

Other Airlines

All Passenger Airlines**

2013

256.3

69.8

49.4

5.9

381.4

2014

257.6

71.1

50.6

6.3

385.6

2015

264.4

74.2

50.5

6.5

395.6

2016

270.6

82.1

50.6

7.2

410.3

2017

277.1

88.9

51.8

7.5

425.3

Percent of Total Passenger Airline Employees in 2017

65.2%

20.9%

12.2%

1.8%

100%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.

 

 

 

Table 5: Carrier Group Percent of Total Scheduled Passenger Airline FTEs

(May of each year)

     

Year

Network Airlines

Low-Cost Airlines

Regional Airlines

Other Airlines

2006

65.9

17.3

14.7

2.2

2012

67.3

18.0

13.4

1.3

2016

65.9

20.0

12.3

1.7

2017

65.2

20.9

12.2

1.8

         

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.

 

 

 

Table 6: Top 10 Airlines, May 2017

Ranked by Number of Full-Time Equivalent Employees*

Rank

Airline

Total FTE Employees

Carrier Group**

Top 10 Airlines May 2016

1

American

100,528

Network

American

2

United

82,939

Network

United

3

Delta

81,422

Network

Delta

4

Southwest

55,115

Low-cost

Southwest

5

JetBlue

17,465

Low-cost

JetBlue

6

Alaska

12,246

Network

Alaska

7

Envoy Air

11,489

Regional

Envoy Air

8

SkyWest

11,363

Regional

SkyWest

9

Spirit

5,953

Low-cost

ExpressJet

10

ExpressJet

5,712

Regional

Hawaiian

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** See Table 9 for Network, Table 12 for Low-Cost and Table 15 for Regional. ** See Table 9 for Network, Table 12 for Low-Cost and Table 15 for Regional.

 

 

 

 

Table 7: Network Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees* from the Previous Year

 

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year

 

 

2014

2015

2016

2017

 

January

0.4

0.8

3.3

2.3

 

February

0.1

1.4

3.2

2.4

 

March

0.6

1.7

2.9

2.7

 

April

0.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

 

May

0.5

2.7

2.3

2.4

 

June

0.3

3.1

2.3

 

 

July

0.4

3.1

2.4

 

 

August

0.1

3.7

2.5

 

 

September

0.4

3.6

2.6

 

 

October

0.3

3.6

2.7

 

 

November

0.4

3.7

2.3

 

 

December

0.8

3.5

2.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

 

 

 

 

 

 

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 8: Network Airlines Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2013 – 2017

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Month

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 – 2017

January

254.4

255.5

257.6

266.2

272.4

7.1

2.3

February

255.0

255.2

258.8

267.0

273.4

7.2

2.4

March

254.9

256.3

260.8

268.4

275.5

8.1

2.7

April

255.7

256.7

262.9

269.2

276.2

8.0

2.6

May

256.3

257.6

264.4

270.6

277.1

8.1

2.4

June

256.8

257.5

265.5

271.5

 

 

 

July

256.5

257.5

265.6

272.0

 

 

 

August

255.8

256.1

265.6

272.1

 

 

 

September

255.2

256.1

265.3

272.1

 

 

 

October

255.7

256.4

265.7

272.8

 

 

 

November

255.9

256.8

266.3

272.3

 

 

 

December

255.2

257.3

266.1

272.6

 

 

 

Jan - May Average

255.2

256.3

260.9

268.3

274.9

7.7

2.5

12-Month Average

255.6

256.6

263.7

270.6

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

Table 9: Network Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees*, May 2013 – 2017

(FTEs for May of each year. Ranked by May 2017 FTEs)

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Rank

Airline

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 -2017

2016-2017

1

American (+ US)

89.9

91.5

96.3

98.4

100.5

11.9

2.1

 

American

58.9

59.7

63.2

98.4

100.5

70.7

2.1

 

US Airways

31.0

31.8

33.1

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2

United

82.6

80.5

78.7

80.8

82.9

N/A

2.7

3

Delta

74.3

75.7

78.7

80.2

81.4

9.6

1.5

4

Alaska

9.5

9.8

10.7

11.2

12.2

28.3

9.7

 

Total

256.3

257.6

264.4

270.6

277.1

8.1

2.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** American Airlines and US Airways merged and began reporting combined numbers in July 2015.

 

 

Table 10: Low-Cost Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees* from the Previous Year

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year

 

2014

2015

2016

2017

January

0.3

4.6

7.9

9.7

February

0.7

4.6

8.5

9.4

March

0.8

3.9

9.6

9.1

April

1.5

4.2

10.2

8.5

May

1.8

4.3

10.7

8.3

June

2.2

4.9

11.0

 

July

2.5

5.2

11.3

 

August

3.0

5.8

11.0

 

September

2.9

6.6

10.6

 

October

3.8

6.9

10.3

 

November

5.2

6.5

9.8

 

December

4.4

7.8

9.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 11: Low-Cost Airlines Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2013 – 2017

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Month

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 – 2017

January

69.5

69.7

72.9

78.6

86.3

24.2

9.7

February

69.6

70.1

73.4

79.6

87.0

25.0

9.4

March

69.9

70.4

73.2

80.2

87.5

25.3

9.1

April

69.7

70.8

73.7

81.2

88.1

26.4

8.5

May

69.8

71.1

74.2

82.1

88.9

27.3

8.3

June

69.6

71.1

74.6

82.8

 

 

 

July

69.5

71.3

75.0

83.5

 

 

 

August

69.3

71.4

75.5

83.8

 

 

 

September

69.4

71.4

76.2

84.3

 

 

 

October

69.5

72.1

77.1

85.0

 

 

 

November

69.4

73.0

77.8

85.4

 

 

 

December

69.4

72.4

78.0

85.4

 

 

 

Jan - May Average

69.7

70.4

73.5

80.3

87.6

25.6

9.0

12-Month Average

69.5

71.2

75.1

82.7

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

Note: Percent changes and averages based on numbers prior to rounding.

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

 

 

Table 12: Low-Cost Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees*, May 2013 – 2017

(FTEs for May of each year. Ranked by May 2017 FTEs)

 

Rank

Airline

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 - 2017

1

Southwest

45,498

45,342

47,496

51,888

55,115

21.1

6.2

2

JetBlue

13,009

13,757

14,592

15,737

17,465

34.3

11.0

3

Spirit

3,256

3,668

4,227

5,277

5,953

82.8

12.8

4

Allegiant

1,906

2,148

2,520

3,208

3,611

89.5

12.6

5

Frontier

3,724

3,670

2,732

3,057

3,607

-3.1

18.0

6

Virgin

2,425

2,510

2,600

2,903

3,108

28.2

7.1

 

Total

69,818

71,095

74,167

82,070

88,859

27.3

8.3

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

Table 13: Regional Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees* from the Previous Year

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year

Month

2014

2015

2016

2017

January

-0.4

-1.9

2.0

1.9

February

0.5

-0.3

0.2

2.4

March

0.9

-0.5

0.1

2.0

April

2.3

-0.4

0.1

2.1

May

2.4

-0.3

0.2

2.5

June

1.9

0.1

0.9

 

July

3.5

-3.3

3.3

 

August

2.5

-2.7

3.3

 

September

2.1

-2.7

2.9

 

October

-0.2

1.4

0.3

 

November

1.5

-0.2

0.2

 

December

-0.2

0.9

0.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 14: Regional Airlines Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2013 – 2017

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s)

Month

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 – 2017

January

50.6

50.4

49.5

50.5

51.4

1.6

1.9

February

50.2

50.5

50.3

50.4

51.6

2.8

2.4

March

50.2

50.6

50.4

50.4

51.4

2.5

2.0

April

49.4

50.5

50.3

50.4

51.4

4.2

2.1

May

49.4

50.6

50.5

50.6

51.8

4.8

2.5

June

49.4

50.3

50.4

50.8

 

 

 

July

49.4

51.1

49.4

51.0

 

 

 

August

49.4

50.7

49.3

51.0

 

 

 

September

49.5

50.6

49.2

50.7

 

 

 

October

49.9

49.8

50.5

50.6

 

 

 

November

49.9

50.6

50.5

50.6

 

 

 

December

50.2

50.1

50.5

50.6

 

 

 

Jan - May Average

50.0

50.5

50.2

50.5

51.5

3.2

2.2

12-Month Average

49.8

50.5

50.1

50.6

 

 

 

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

 

Table 15: Regional Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees*, May 2013 - 2017

(FTEs for May of each year. Ranked by May 2017 FTEs)

Rank

Airline

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Percent Change

2013 - 2017

2016 - 2017

1

Envoy

11,108

10,813

10,875

10,655

11,489

3.4

7.8

2

SkyWest  

9,447

9,835

9,934

10,630

11,363

20.3

6.9

3

ExpressJet

8,873

9,322

8,067

6,864

5,712

-35.6

-16.8

4

YX/S5/RP Combined#

5,578

5,839

5,991

5,305

5,519

-1.1

4.0

 

Republic

2,314

2,893

3,210

3,394

5,519

138.5

62.6

 

Shuttle America

2,060

2,041

2,781

1,911

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

Chautauqua

1,204

905

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

5

Endeavor

4,368

3,838

3,247

3,475

3,926

-10.1

13.0

6

Horizon

2,643

2,818

3,091

3,254

3,351

26.8

3.0

7

Mesa

1,647

1,929

2,511

2,900

3,071

86.5

5.9

8

PSA

1,070

1,389

2,177

2,585

2,910

172.0

12.6

9

Compass

1,102

1,189

1,524

1,763

1,806

63.9

2.4

10

GoJet

1,091

1,118

1,159

1,344

1,344

23.2

0.0

11

Air Wisconsin

2,497

2,543

1,893

1,779

1,312

-47.5

-26.3

 

Total

49,424

50,633

50,469

50,554

51,803

4.8

2.5

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

# Effective the end of December 2016, Republic and Shuttle America combined operations and Shuttle America ceased operating. Effective the end of December 2014, Shuttle America and Chautauqua Airlines combined operations and Chautauqua ceased operating.

N/A: Carriers did not meet the standard for filing, was no longer operating, merged with another operating carrier or failed to file. See previous notes.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.