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Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP), a no-fee, peer-reviewed, open-access journal, is targeted to global health professionals, particularly program implementers, to validate their experiences and program results by peer reviewers and to share them with the greater global health community.
September 2018 | Volume 6 | Number 3
Read the September 2018 issue of GHSP to find answers to these questions and more. View a list of all articles by article type below or online.
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Table of Contents
EDITORIALS
Helping Babies Breathe—Beyond Training
The revised Helping Babies Breathe training package now emphasizes the need for regular practice and quality improvement—an important improvement since more is needed than one-off training to have substantial impact on asphyxia-related newborn mortality.
Steve Hodgins
New Evidence on Carbetocin: Another Arrow in Our Quiver
Carbetocin is more heat stable than oxytocin with at least equivalent efficacy for preventing postpartum hemorrhage. It will certainly be helpful if the supplier can make it available in low-income country settings at a price comparable to oxytocin. But even so, programs will still need oxytocin and other uterotonic medications.
Steve Hodgins
COMMENTARIES
Beyond the Safe Motherhood Initiative: Accelerated Action Urgently Needed to End Preventable Maternal Mortality
Many countries will need to double, or more than double, their current annual rate of reduction of maternal mortality to ensure sufficient progress toward national targets and the global Sustainable Development Goals. Dedication to the principles and actions of quality, equity, dignity, social justice, and human rights are key.
Mary Ellen Stanton, Barbara E. Kwast, Theresa Shaver, Betsy McCallon, Marge Koblinsky
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
The Net Promoter Score (NPS) for Insight Into Client Experiences in Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinics
The NPS measures a customer’s likeliness to recommend a company to a friend or colleague on a 0-to-10 scale. Pilot testing in 4 countries suggests the NPS can also be successfully used in nonprofit clinics and among low-literacy populations. Combining the NPS with client demographic and service-use data can provide a powerful tool for identifying populations for whom the client experience can be improved.
Rebecca Koladycz, Gwendolyn Fernandez, Kate Gray, Heidi Marriott
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction in South Africa: Implementation Lessons From an Evaluation of the National School-Based Vaccination Campaign
Evaluation of the campaign confirmed its feasibility in this setting: it achieved high coverage, few adverse events, and mostly positive media coverage. However, challenges occurred in data and cold chain management. Future implementation requires improved partnerships between government ministries, simplified informed consent, and closer monitoring of social media messaging.
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Karen F. Kelley, Shamagonam James, Fiona Scorgie, Hasina Subedar, Nonhlanhla R. Dlamini, Yogan Pillay, Nicolette Naidoo, Admire Chikandiwa, Helen Rees
Client Perceptions of Quality and Choice at Static, Mobile Outreach, and Special Family Planning Day Services in 3 African Countries
In all 3 countries, nearly all women obtained their method of choice, with more mobile outreach and special family planning day clients having a preexisting preference for implants than static service clients. Clients of all service modalities in all countries reported experiencing most elements of full, free, and informed choice, but there is room for improvement with some aspects, such as counseling about potential side effects and giving clients the opportunity to ask questions.
Leah Jarvis, Jane Wickstrom, Caitlin Shannon
Quality and Cost Interventions During the Extended Perinatal Period to Increase Family Planning Use in Kinshasa, DRC: Results From An Initial Study
The combined intervention of free contraceptives plus a set of quality inputs for family planning during the extended perinatal period, including provision of long-acting methods immediately postpartum, had the strongest effect on use of modern contraceptives, especially long-acting methods.
Leah Jarvis, Jane Wickstrom, Gwyneth Vance, Jewel Gausman
Assessment of Family Planning Service Availability and Readiness in 10 African Countries
In the 10 countries surveyed, the availability of oral contraceptives, injectables, and condoms varied greatly, and the availability of basic items indicating service readiness, such as guidelines, trained staff, equipment, and certain commodities, was low.
Moazzam Ali, Madeline Farron, Thandassery Ramachandran Dilip, Rachel Folz
Safety of Tubal Occlusion by Minilaparotomy Provided by Trained Clinical Officers Versus Assistant Medical Officers in Tanzania: A Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial
Trained clinical officers—nonphysicians with 3 years of specialized training—conducted the procedure safely and effectively compared with procedures performed by more advanced assistant medical officers. This evidence supports policy change allowing properly trained and supported clinical officers to perform minilaparotomy.
Mark A. Barone, Zuhura Mbuguni, Japhet Ominde Achola, Annette Almeida, Carmela Cordero, Joseph Kanama, Adriana Marquina, Projestine Muganyizi, JamillaMwanga, Daniel Ouma, Caitlin Shannon, Leopold Tibyehabwa
Role of Religious Leaders in Promoting Contraceptive Use in Nigeria: Evidence From the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative
Exposure to family planning messages from religious leaders was significantly associated with higher modern contraceptive use, after accounting for background characteristics and other variables such as myths and misconceptions. Engaging religious leaders to support positive social norms is an important strategy to improving voluntary contraceptive use in Nigeria.
Sunday A. Adedini, Stella Babalola, Charity Ibeawuchi, Olukunle Omotoso, Akinsewa Akiode, Mojisola Odeku
Helping Postpartum Women in Mali Achieve Their Fertility Intentions: Perspectives From Introduction of the Dedicated Postpartum IUD Inserter
In this pilot introduction setting, trained providers reported higher acceptance and preference for the dedicated inserter compared with the conventional postpartum insertion with forceps, suggesting potential for the dedicated inserter to expand access to postpartum IUDs.
Eva Burke, Marie Léa Dakouo, Laura Glish, Pierre Moon, Paul D. Blumenthal
Global Health Competency Self-Confidence Scale: Tool Development and Validation
The scale, designed to measure students’ self-assessment of their confidence in 11 competency domains before and after participating in global placements, was found to be reliable and correlated well with an earlier validated scale.
Cynthia Stuhlmiller, Barry Tolchard
Helping Babies Breathe, Second Edition: A Model for Strengthening Educational Programs to Increase Global Newborn Survival
The revised neonatal resuscitation curriculum updates not only the science of resuscitation but also the educational and implementation approaches needed to further enhance neonatal survival, including promoting ongoing practice to retain skills and linkages with quality improvement initiatives.
Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, Anu Thukral, Michael K. Visick, Eileen Schoen, Erick Amick, Ashok Deorari, Carrie Jo Cain, William J. Keenan, Nalini Singhal, George A. Little, Susan Niermeyer
Reviews
Use of Mid-Upper Arm Circumference by Novel Community Platforms to Detect, Diagnose, and Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children: A Systematic Review
Limited studies suggest that with robust program inputs caregivers and CHWs can correctly use mid-upper arm circumference to detect severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that properly trained and supported CHWs can treat uncomplicated SAM in communities.
Jessica Bliss, Natasha Lelijveld, André Briend, Marko Kerac, Mark Manary, Marie McGrath, Zita Weise Prinzo, Susan Shepherd, Noël Marie Zagre, Sophie Woodhead, Saul Guerrero, Amy Mayberry
SHORT REPORTS
Childbirth and Early Newborn Care Practices in 4 Provinces in China: A Comparison With WHO Recommendations
In the 10 hospitals studied, we found that hospital policies, protocols, and interventions only partially align with WHO early newborn care recommendations, and that many hospitals still use outdated and non-medically sound practices.
Tao Xu, Qing Yue, Yan Wang, John Murray, Howard Sobel
Local Sourcing and Supplier Development in Global Health: Analysis of the Supply Chain Management System’s Local Procurement in 4 Countries
Local suppliers reported that after doing business with PEPFAR’s global procurement and distribution project for essential HIV/AIDS medicines and supplies, they achieved revenue and asset growth, improved their quality standards, acquired new contracts with other businesses, and hired more employees.
Prashant Yadav, Sarah Alphs, Clinton D’Souza, Gordon Comstock, Iain Barton
FIELD ACTION REPORTS
Adaptation of the Training Resource Package to Strengthen Preservice Family Planning Training for Nurses and Midwives in Tanzania and Uganda
Lessons learned when adapting the evidence-based global family planning training resource package included the need to: (1) engage key nursing and midwifery educators for buy-in; (2) update the technical skills of educators in contraceptive technology and competency-based training methods; and (3) adapt to the local context including condensing the global content for the time-limited preservice education context.
Stembile Mugore, Mercy Mwanja, Vumilia Mmari, Alphonce Kalula
Decentralized, Community-Based Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Bangladesh Program Experience
Shifting from hospital- to community-based management of drug-resistant TB, increased treatment enrollment, reduced treatment initiation delays, improved follow-up and adherence, and lowered treatment failure, and was associated with higher cure rates and lower mortality.
Paul Daru, Refiloe Matji, Hala Jassim AlMossawi, Krishnapada Chakraborty, Neeraj Kak
Innovations
Menstrual Bleeding Changes Are NORMAL: Proposed Counseling Tool to Address Common Reasons for Non-Use and Discontinuation of Contraception
A new family planning counseling tool uses the simple mnemonic device “NORMAL” to help family planning counselors and providers communicate to their clients key messages about menstrual bleeding changes associated with use of hormonal contraception and the copper IUD
Kate H. Rademacher, Jill Sergison, Laura Glish, Lauren Y. Maldonado, Amelia Mackenzie, Geeta Nanda, Irina Yacobson
Updates
Update of: Sarma et al., Effectiveness of SMS Technology on Timely Community Health Worker Follow-Up for Childhood Malnutrition: A Retrospective Cohort Study in sub-Saharan Africa
Update of: Kheang et al., Malaria Case Detection Among Mobile Populations and Migrant Workers in Myanmar: Comparison of 3 Service Delivery Approaches
Update of: Ouedraogo et al., Expanding the Single-Visit Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention: Successes and Lessons From Burkina Faso
Update of: Harvey, Observe Before You Leap: Why Observation Provides Critical Insights for Formative Research and Intervention Design That You'll Never Get From Focus Groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys
Update of: Ndiaye et al., High-Risk Advanced Maternal Age and High Parity Pregnancy: Tackling a Neglected Need Through Formative Research and Action
Update of: Marks et al., Review of Grain Fortification Legislation, Standards, and Monitoring Documents
Update of: Subramanian et al., Increasing Contraceptive Use Among Young Married Couples in Bihar, India: Evidence From a Decade of Implementation of the PRACHAR Project
Update of: Koffi et al., Engaging Men in Family Planning: Perspectives From Married Men in Lomé, Togo
Update of: Choi and Short Fabic, Monitoring Progress in Equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: A Case Study of Meeting Demand for Family Planning
GHSP is supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development and published by the Knowledge for Health project at the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs.
Learn more about GHSP on its website: www.ghspjournal.org.
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