The Ohio ADDL will be closed on Monday, July 4, 2016 in observance of the Fourth of July.
For additional information and resources, please visit our website. If you need to contact us regarding an urgent matter, please use our after hours phone number: (888) 456-3405.
Thank you and have a great holiday weekend,
Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Cache Valley Virus-Concern as an Emerging Disease in Ohio
Jeff Hayes, DVM, MS, ADDL Pathology Section Head
The ADDL has observed multiple cases of reproductive failure
in sheep flocks and possibly in two cattle herds between January 2014 and May
2016 from Ohio and West Virginia that showed severe fetal deformities. These cases were confirmed by NVSL to be positive
for Cache Valley-like Virus (CVV) by
serology and/or PCR assay. Affected flocks in Ohio were primarily from Adams,
Delaware, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Perry, Seneca, and Wayne counties. Two sheep flocks
affected in West Virginia were from Wetzel and Ritchie counties. CVV is a vector borne agent, and has been known to cause febrile and severe neuroinvasive disease in humans.
The virus is spread by various mosquitoes: Aedes, Anopheles,
Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and perhaps Culicoides sp. during early
breeding season, August to September. Clinical
signs may include arthrogryposis, thoracic scoliosis / kyphosis, hydrocephalus,
cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral lissencephaly, cranial malformations, inferior
brachygnathism, hypoplasia of skeletal muscles and mummification.
While the virus has been found throughout North America, it
had not been previously confirmed at ADDL until the last 3 years. There are a few key points of which veterinarians and producers should be aware: Cases have been observed across Ohio into West
Virginia over a 28 month span and are associated with significant fetal malformations. There is no vaccine and no known treatment in
veterinary or human medicine. The best protection of ewes from CVV is to
minimize exposure to mosquito-infested areas during and shortly after the
breeding season.
The ADDL has been working with NVSL to further characterize these cases. Serum from the dam, fetal heart blood and
fetal brain tissue are the preferred specimens for NVSL. For additional information about this disease or potential cases please call the ADDL at 614-728-6220.
Below are fetal lambs associated with antibodies and / or nucleic acid of CVV: A. Arthrogryposis B. Torticollis C. Craniofacial deformities D. Mummified fetus
Serology Section Adds New Lepto Serovar to Test Offerings
Anne Parkinson, BS, ADDL Serology Section Head
In order to continuously improve
and provide the most comprehensive services for our clients, the Serology
Section is bringing a new serovar on test to enhance our microagglutination
test (MAT) for Leptospira spp. Now added as a test choice is Leptospira autumnalis, which has been
commonly reported in companion animals. Leptospira autumnalis will join our established
group of L. bratislava, canicola,
grippotyphosa, hardjoprajitno, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and sejroe for the MAT.
The zoonotic spirochete Leptospira is a pathogen known to cause disease
in domestic animals as well as wildlife.
A 2009 Leptospira serological survey in dogs and cats found L. autumnalis to be one of the most
common serovars in positive animals, 90.1% of 754 positive dog samples and 2
out of 2 positive samples in the cat (1). So if no titers are found on our 5 or 6
serovar panels – L.autumnalis could
become a viable consideration in companion animals. Lab results should be used in conjunction
with natural exposure and vaccination status and interpreted with the knowledge
that cross reactivity is possible. In a search of the literature, it has been
previously reported that titers against L.
autumnalis have developed in response to vaccination against L. grippotyphosa and L. pomona (2).
To request L. autumnalis, please ask for it by name on the ADDL Sample
Submission Form – as it is not included as part of our 5 or 6 servar
panels. L. autumnalis testing is priced at $3.00 per sample.
References:
1. Reference Point. Winter #2, 2010. 2009
Leptospira Serology Results. Frances Moore DVM, Diplomate ACVP.
2. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Volume 96,
Issues 1-2, 122-131, August 2010. Spatial and spatio-temporal clustering of
overall and serovar-specific Leptospira microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
seropositivity among dogs in the United States from 2000 through 2007. Raju
Gautam, Lynn F. Guptill, Ching Ching Wu, Adam Potter, George E. Moore.
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