Ohio ADDL September Update

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Ohio Department of Agriculture   -   SEPTEMBER 2015

In this issue

  • Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD)
  • Brucella Canis Update
  • Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease (SECD) 
  • Virology Update

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Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory

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Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

Phone: (614) 728-6220

Fax: (614 ) 728-6310

Email: 

 animal@agri.ohio.gov


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First EHD case of 2015 confirmed

A deer that has died from EHD

A captive whitetail deer from Galion in Morrow County has tested positive for Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) by PCR analysis. This is the first case of EHD this year. Initially, five animals out of the herd (total of twenty animals) were affected with the deadly virus. Among those five affected, four died. Genotype analysis indicated the outbreak is caused by serotype 2 of EHD virus.

 

EHD is characterized by extensive hemorrhages in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which results in large scale outbreaks with high mortality in wild and domestic whitetail deer In Ohio. EHD also infects other wild ruminants including mule deer, and pronghorn antelope, black-tailed deer, fallow deer, red deer, wapiti, and roe deer.  Occasionally, outbreaks of EHD have been reported in cattle and sheep although clinical signs are mild and affected rarely die. Cattle often act as a reservoir for EHD virus.

 

EHD is caused by a virus that is closely related to Bluetongue virus. Currently there are 2 subtypes (type 1 and 2) of EHD virus, a new subtype (serotype 6) was reported in the US in 2008. EHD is transmitted by biological vectors, biting midge in the genus Culicoides in the United States. Because midges breed in water, management of breeding sites is the best way to reduce the amount of midges, pesticide control or simply reducing standing water will greatly reduce the amount of midges. Typically, outbreaks occur in late summer to early fall (August to October) and cease with the onset of frost because of the die-off of the biological vectors.


Brucella canis: Update

Luna

So far this year, ADDL has tested 1,846 serum samples for B. canis. Among them, seven were positive by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA). Six of the seven IFA positive were confirmed to be positive by the Tube Agglutination Test.

   

Brucella canis is a gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium that causes brucellosis in dogs and other canids.  B. canis was first described in the USA in 1966 when mass abortions of beagles were reported. The disease is characterized by epididymitis and orchitis in male dogs, endometritis, placentitis, and abortion in females, and often presents as infertility in both sexes. B.canis is a zoonotic organism but human infections are rare. Regulations for commercial dog breeders which require testing can be found here: Commercial Dog Breeders Act 


SECD update for 2015

Like the rest of the nation, Ohio has seen a significant decline in the number of Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease (SECD) positive samples this year compared to last year. The lab tested 2,779 samples from January through September of 2015, Thirty-six (1.2%) were positive for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and two (0.07%) were positive for porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCOV).  The PEDV-positive samples were found in nine counties, including Champaign, Hancock, Mercer, Paulding, Perry, Seneca, Union, Wayne and Wyandot.  The last PEDV positive case was in May 2015.  PDCOV has only been detected in Seneca county.  There have been no PDCOV-positives in Ohio since the two reported in January 2015.

SECD-positive counties of Ohio, 2015
Blue-colored counties have had at least 1 PEDV positive sample in 2015; Seneca county (teal) had PDCOV-positive samples in 2015.

Virology

Recently, a novel variant strain (OH7269) of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) was detected in pig samples by our laboratory. In comparison with a previously reported PRCV (ISU-1), OH7269 has two deletion regions (a 648-nt deletion and a 3-nt deletion) in the spike gene. In addition, this virus has two additional deletion regions in the intergenic region and ORF3a.

 

PRCV was first identified in Belgium in 1984 as a spike (S) gene deletion mutant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Unlike TGEV, which replicates in both the intestinal and respiratory tracts, PRCV only replicates in lung tissue and usually causes mild or subclinical respiratory infections in pigs.