SNA Nature Notes - Winter 2021

minnesota department of natural resources

Nature Notes

 

Showy Lady's Slipper

Winter 2021

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Nature Notes is the Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas quarterly newsletter. Here's what's in store this issue!


 

Have you herd? Cattle do conservation work too!

Ashley Rezachek, SNA Communications Outreach Specialist

 

Prairie Smoke Dunes Scientific and Natural Area, located in Norman County, is the first SNA in the Northwest Region to implement cattle grazing as a management practice.

Grazing cattle and SNA sign

A herd of cattle meander inside a fence, munching away at a predetermined area of prairie restoration at Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA. Photo by Tyler Larson.

This past summer a contract was completed to allow cattle to graze a 300-acre section of the 1,280-acre SNA. Not only was this a win for the land’s health, but a herd of lucky cows walked away with full bellies.

The project’s main objective is to enhance the grassland reconstruction by increasing the site’s native species diversity. Project leaders hope to see an increase in grassland forbs (wildflowers). Grazing can also assist in reducing some grass species, whether it’s nonnative cool season grasses or native warm season grasses, such as big bluestem which can become dominant. Introducing cattle into restorations can help more species have a chance to compete.

Other objectives for grazing include increasing nutrient cycling and reducing build-up of dead plant material. Additionally, grazing compliments other management activities such as prescribed fire, invasive species treatments, inter-seeding and mowing.

Cattle graze and trample through brush at Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA. Photo by Tyler Larson.

Cattle graze and trample through brush at Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA. Photo by Tyler Larson.

Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA is a mosaic of wet-brush prairie, oak savanna with sand dune features, sedge meadow and hardwood forest. A constant battle is being played out between the woodland areas and savanna/prairie as trees march into open areas. Grazing aims to slow woody encroachment and maintain the land’s mosaic of features.

SNA staff regularly visited the site to monitor the grazing project, while temporary fencing restricted the herd’s movement until they were removed from the area in early October. Grazing exclosures – limited areas blocked off to cattle – were established within the 300-acre section. This allowed staff to monitor and collect data to run a comparative analysis of species richness and structural diversity between the grazed and ungrazed areas.

Initial observations of this year’s grazing revealed that the cattle successfully removed the dense litter layer that had been choking out the growing vegetation. This summer’s drought helped the cattle narrow in on reed canary grass and brush.

The contract is set up for three years. In 2022, the cattle will likely be brought back out around mid to late May and graze for about 90 days.

After a couple of years of grazing at Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA staff will have a clearer picture of the project’s impact and will refine the grazing plan for future contracts as needed.

A fence line splits a large patch of reed canary grass. The area on the right shows where the cattle are grazing reed canary grass.

A fence line splits a large patch of reed canary grass. The area on the right shows where the cattle are grazing reed canary grass. Photo by Tyler Larson.

 

Grazing on other SNAs

Prairie Smoke Dunes SNA is not the only SNA with unique visitors this past summer. Goats spent time grazing on Rushford Sand Barrens SNA and Mound Prairie SNA, in the southeast corner of the state.

The goats reduced canopy cover by grazing on shrubs, allowing more grasses and forbs to germinate. The project’s main objective is to restore the native prairie and re-establish a prescribed burn cycle. More frequent burns kill sprouting shrubs and promote native plant germination.

The grazing season varies and depends on shrub density following the removal of eastern red cedar trees, according to project leaders. In general, wherever red cedar were (or are) present on the bluff, there are also invasive species such as buckthorn and honeysuckle. Birds eat the berries from these invasive shrubs, then roost in cedar trees where they spread the seeds in their droppings.

Goats graze on brush at Rushford Sand Barrens SNA. Photo by Barb Perry.

Goats graze on brush at Rushford Sand Barrens SNA. Photo by Barb Perry.

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Donate this giving season to protect Minnesota’s natural areas!

 

A forest of evergreen trees covered in snow.

Winter at Hovland Woods SNA. Photo by Kelly Randall

 

Scientific and Natural Areas provide a home to Minnesota’s unique native plants and animals. Your support helps preserve Minnesota’s finest natural features and rare species. Check out our donation portal and consider donating today! Make sure to get outside this season and visit one (or more) of the nearly 170 Scientific and Natural Areas across the state.


Map of the state with a dot covering the location of Quarry Park SNA.

Site Highlight: Quarry Park SNA

Ashley Rezachek, SNA Communications Outreach Specialist

 

Whether you want to explore nature, learn about geology, or simply take a hike, Quarry Park Scientific and Natural Area has something for everyone!

Granite outcrops at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by ColdSnap Photography.

Granite outcrops at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by ColdSnap Photography.

Quarry Park SNA's 323 acres are embedded within the 684-acre Stearns County Quarry Park and Nature Preserve. The Natural Area and Park are known for their history of granite mining during the first half of the 20th century. Hiking trails run through the SNA and recreational facilities are available in the Park.

The Park, located north of the SNA, has a variety of recreational facilities and shows evidence of a history of granite mining. The SNA, also called “Quarry Park South,” offers a more natural setting and is home to central Minnesota’s highest quality granite bedrock outcrop community. The SNA has been ranked as a site of outstanding biodiversity significance by the Minnesota Biological Survey.

Here bedrock is at or just below the surface. Despite the exposed environment and scarce soil, the site is home to a unique native plant community. Not many species can tolerate the moisture and temperature extremes of these rock outcrops, but pale corydalis, lowbush blueberry, poverty grass, and brittle prickly pear cacti are among the SNA’s plant inhabitants.

Brittle prickly pear cacti at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by ColdSnap Photography.

Brittle prickly pear cacti at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by ColdSnap Photography.

The SNA protects a mosaic of native plant communities including high quality wet meadows, wet prairie, oak woodland, and oak forest. It is home to species like the tubercled rein orchid, which is threatened in Minnesota, and birds such as the Red-shouldered Hawk and Acadian Flycatcher (both Minnesota special concern).

Through a cooperative management plan the Stearns County Parks Department is responsible for maintaining the natural surface interpretive trail on the SNA, and the Minnesota DNR is responsible for land management tasks such as invasive species control and prescribed burns.

Quarry Park SNA is an ideal location to wildlife watch, hike, snowshoe, cross-country ski and take photos.

A moss and lichen covered outcrop at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by David Minor.

A moss and lichen covered outcrop at Quarry Park SNA. Photo by David Minor.

Not able to get out right now? You can still discover Quarry Park SNA via a “virtual visit.” Or wait until the warmer season and check out the SNA’s wildflowers, grasses, and trees.

A few facts about Quarry Park SNA

  • The largest population in the state of the endangered tubercled rein-orchid occurs in the SNA.
  • A singing male Acadian Flycatcher was reported there in 1997.
  • Quarry Park SNA has its own page in the SNA coloring book.
  • Students of all ages regularly use the Park and SNA as a field site for study of geology, biology, and wetland science.

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Find your path in Nature

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Help us protect our natural resources for future generations by joining our team at the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

No matter what your professional background is — financial management, communications, engineering, forestry, conservation, hydrology, parks, fish and wildlife, enforcement and more — there’s a career opportunity to fit your skills and interest at the DNR.

The DNR celebrates diversity, equity and inclusion.

You can browse current career opportunities and apply for open positions on the careers page of the State of Minnesota website. If you don’t see an open position of interest, you can create a “job search” agent that will notify you when positions you might be interested in are posted. We are an equal opportunity and veteran friendly employer.

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Notes from Site Stewards

 

Site stewards monitor, help with management tasks, and even lead events on SNAs across Minnesota. Their observations provide valuable information to the SNA Program. Here are some interesting notes from recent reports.

  • George Minerich, site steward for Iona's Beach SNA, had a nice visit to the site on October 3 when about a third of the trees had changed color. He noted that “The beach was very busy. There were many visitors while I was there. At one point there were 22 visitors on the beach.” Wow! Could it be because the visitors heard about the site from a recent Fox 9 article?
  • Site steward, Mary Kay Lynch, has been diligently reporting invasive species at Pine Bend Bluffs SNA this past season. Mary Kay’s observations help the SNA Program track and manage invasive species on site. Her work helped staff plan for a volunteer event on October 23 to remove buckthorn.
  • Site steward, Brett Whaley, has visited Uncas Dunes SNA a number of times this past season. He has spent time collecting seeds, picking up garbage, cutting encroaching woody vegetation, and searching for new plant species.
  • Levi Disrud, the site steward for Prairie Bush Clover SNA, performed a thorough inspection of the site on November 28. He was happy to report that things are looking pretty good! He took many pictures during his visit and has been keeping a photo journal of his visits to the site.
A frost covered American bittersweet at Uncas Dunes SNA.

A frost covered American bittersweet at Uncas Dunes SNA. Site stewards are responsible for reporting their observations and sometimes that may include taking photographs. Photo by site steward Brett Whaley.

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Share your SNA photos on our flickr group!

SNA Events

 

This winter we are excited to have a couple of in-person events. Check out the SNA Events page for the most up-to-date event information.

Subscribed to SNA Event reminder emails

Nature Notes is the Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas quarterly newsletter (archive online). It seeks to increase interest, understanding and support of natural areas while promoting involvement in the protection of these special places. Contact us directly at sna.dnr@state.mn.us.

 

Funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR).