About the Guardian
The Guardian of Public Health is a monthly newsletter from the Bureau of EMS, Trauma, and Preparedness (BETP) within the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The Guardian aims to provide its readers with relevant content on topics that affect the public health of citizens and communities in Michigan. For questions or comments please contact Kerry Chamberlain at chamberlaink2@michigan.gov.
Hepatitis A Vaccine and International Travel
Jacklyn Chandler, M.S., Outreach Coordinator, MDHHS Division of
Immunization
Travelers are an important population because of their movement,
the potential exposure to diseases outside their home country, and the risk
that they will either bring non-endemic diseases into their country of origin
or spread non-endemic diseases to the countries they visit. In 2016, U.S.
airlines carried an all-time high number of passengers – with 103.9 million
international travelers. Ever-increasing travel to destinations in Asia and in
Africa place travelers at risk for a variety of travel-related conditions including
malaria, yellow fever, measles, and other tropical or vaccine-preventable
infections. Compound this with travel vaccine shortages (e.g., yellow fever)
and limited travel vaccine education or preparedness. Travel-related illnesses
have direct public health effects.
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Comparing Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Containing Emerging Epidemics
Researchers in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science seek to identify the most important characteristics of the disease and setting that need to be considered to make an informed decision between quarantine and symptom monitoring to mitigate a disease outbreak. They use a mathematical model to determine which method will work best to contain an outbreak for seven different types of diseases: Ebola, hepatitis A, influenza A, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), pertussis, SARS, and smallpox. The research shows quarantine was more effective with diseases with short periods of infectiousness. Symptom monitoring was more effective with diseases of higher transmissibility. The researchers suggest symptom monitoring to be the overall best method to mitigate a disease.
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