BTS 60-14

Wednesday, December 17, 2014

Contact: Dave Smallen

Tel: 202-366-5568 

 

BTS Releases October 2014 Passenger Airline Employment Data

 

U.S. scheduled passenger airlines employed 384,700 workers in October 2014, 0.9 percent more than in October 2013, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) reported today. October was the 11th consecutive month that full-time equivalent (FTE) employment for U.S. scheduled passenger airlines was higher than the same month of the previous year (Tables 1, 2, 3).   

 

The October 2014 FTE total for scheduled passenger airlines was 3,522 more than in October 2013 (Table 3). Scheduled passenger airline categories include network, low-cost, regional and other airlines. Historical employment data can be found on the BTS web site. 

 

The five network airlines that collectively employ two-thirds of the scheduled passenger airline FTEs reported 0.3 percent more FTEs in October 2014 than in October 2013 (Table 7). Alaska Airlines, Delta Air Lines, American Airlines and US Airways increased FTEs from October 2013 while United Airlines reduced FTEs (Table 9). Network airlines operate a significant portion of their flights using at least one hub where connections are made for flights to down-line destinations or spoke cities.

 

The six low-cost carriers ­– Allegiant Airlines, Spirit Airlines, Frontier Airlines, JetBlue Airways, Southwest Airlines and Virgin America – all reported increases in FTEs from October 2013 (Table 12). Low-cost airlines operate under a low-cost business model, with infrastructure and aircraft operating costs below the overall industry average.

 

Among the 13 regional carriers, six – PSA Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airlines, Horizon Air, Compass Airlines and GoJet Airlines– reported increased employment levels from October 2013. The others reported decreases (Table 15). Regional carriers typically provide service from small cities, using primarily regional jets to support the network carriers’ hub and spoke systems.

 

Carrier Groups: The five network airlines employed 66.7 percent of the total number of FTEs employed by all scheduled passenger airlines in October, the six low-cost carriers employed 18.7 percent and the 13 regional carriers employed 12.9 percent (Table 4). The three airlines with the most FTEs in October – United, Delta and American – employed 55.8 percent of the month’s total passenger airline FTEs (Tables 3, 6).

 

Top Employers by Group: United employed the most FTEs (78,448) in October among the network airlines, Southwest employed the most FTEs (46,095) among low-cost airlines, and Envoy employed the most FTEs (11,035) among regional airlines. Four of the top five employers in the industry are network airlines (Table 6).  

 

Airline Mergers: Airlines that announce mergers typically begin joint reporting following U.S. Department of Transportation approval and issuance of a single economic certificate.  Southwest and AirTran Airways began joint reporting of their financial data, including employment numbers, in April 2012 under a waiver granted by the Department, while continuing to report all other data as separate carriers. American and US Airways, following their December 2013 merger announcement, will report separately until the Department approves single carrier reporting and a single economic certificate is issued.

 

In March 2014 (for January 2014 data), the Department began displaying combined on-time performance data, mishandled baggage data, oversales data and complaint data in its Air Travel Consumer Report for Southwest and Air Tran, as well as for American and U.S. Airways, because both sets of airlines are sufficiently integrated that consumers perceive them as a single airline. The Air Travel Consumer Report also continues to display the separate performance data of each of these airlines and will continue to do so until a single economic certificate is issued. 

 

   

Network Airlines

            Recent Changes: The network airlines employed 668 more FTEs in October 2014 than in October 2013, a 0.3 percent increase. Four of the five network carriers reported FTE increases from October 2013 while United reported a decrease (Tables 8, 9).

 

Longer-term Changes: The network airlines employed 81 more FTEs in October 2014 than in October 2010, virtually unchanged. American (-7.4 percent) reported a decrease in FTE employment from 2010 to 2014 while Alaska (12.6 percent), US Airways (7.3 percent) and Delta (3.7 percent) reported increases. United’s numbers for 2010 and 2014 are not directly comparable because of the intervening merger. United reported 1.4 percent fewer FTEs in October 2014 than United and Continental Airlines reported separately in October 2010 (Tables 8, 9).

 

 

Low-Cost Airlines

Recent Changes: The six low-cost airlines reported 3.8 percent more FTEs as a group from October 2013 to October 2014. All six low-cost airlines reported increases (Table 12). 

Longer-term Changes: The low-cost carriers employed 7,811 more FTEs in October 2014 than in October 2010, up 12.1 percent. Spirit reported the largest percentage increase, 81.9 percent, while Frontier was the only low-cost carrier to report a decline, 23.5 percent. October 2014 numbers for Southwest are not directly comparable to 2010 because of the intervening merger. Southwest reported 7.8 percent more FTEs in October 2014 than Southwest and AirTran reported separately in October 2010 (Table 12).

 

 

Regional Airlines

Recent Changes: Regional airlines reported reduced FTEs by 0.2 percent in October 2014 compared to October 2013. PSA and Mesa reported the largest percentage increases in FTEs from October 2013 to October 2014. Chautauqua Airlines and Air Wisconsin reported the largest percentage decreases (Table 15).

 

Longer-term Changes: The 13 regional carriers operating in October employed 5.0 percent fewer FTEs in 2014 than the 18 carriers reporting in October 2010. Air Wisconsin and Horizon reported declines. GoJet reported the biggest four-year percentage gain. The ExpressJet/Atlantic Southeast combination reported 2.6 percent fewer FTEs in October 2014 than the two airlines reported separately in October 2010. The Endeavor/Mesaba combination reported 35.8 percent fewer FTE’s in October 2014 than the two airlines reported separately in October 2010 (Table 15).

 

Envoy operated as American Eagle prior to April 2014. Endeavor operated as Pinnacle prior to October 2013.

 

           

Reporting Notes

 

Airlines that operate at least one aircraft that has more than 60 seats or the capacity to carry a payload of passengers, cargo and fuel weighing more than 18,000 pounds must report monthly employment statistics.

 

The “Other Carrier” category generally reflects those airlines that operate within specific niche markets such as the Hawaiian Islands served by Hawaiian Airlines and Island Air Hawaii.

 

Data are compiled from monthly reports filed with BTS by commercial air carriers as of Dec. 10. Additional airline employment data and previous press releases can be found on the BTS website. BTS has scheduled release of November passenger airline employment data for Jan. 22.

 

Table 1: Change from Previous Year in Scheduled Passenger Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Airline Group

Most recent 13 months - percent change compared to same month the previous year 

	Network Airlines	Low-Cost Airlines	Regional Airlines	All Passenger Airlines**
Oct 2012-Oct 2013	-1.4	-0.1	-0.8	-0.8
Nov 2012-Nov 2013	-0.4	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Dec 2012-Dec 2013	0.4	-0.6	-0.5	0.3
Jan 2013-Jan 2014	0.4	0.3	-0.4	0.5
Feb 2013-Feb 2014	0.1	0.7	0.5	0.4
Mar 2013-Mar 2014	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.8
Apr 2013-Apr 2014	0.4	1.5	2.3	1.0
May 2013-May 2014	0.5	1.8	2.4	1.1
Jun 2013-Jun 2014	0.3	2.2	1.9	0.9
Jul 2013-Jul 2014	0.4	2.5	3.5	1.3
Aug 2013-Aug 2014	0.1	3.0	2.5	1.0
Sep 2013-Sep 2014	0.4	2.9	1.9	1.1
Oct 2013-Oct 2014	0.3	3.8	-0.2	0.9

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-

   time employee.                                             

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers. Other Carriers generally operate within specific

   niche markets. They are: Hawaiian Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Island Air Hawaii.            

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.                                          

Note: See Table 2 for all passenger airlines, Table 7 for Network, Table 10 for Low-Cost and Table 13 for Regional. 

 

 

Table 2: Change from Previous Year in Scheduled Passenger Airline* Full-time Equivalent Employees**

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year 

Month	2011	2012	2013	2014
January	0.4	2.1	-2.3	0.5
February	1.0	2.1	-2.4	0.4
March	1.5	2.1	-2.7	0.8
April	2.0	1.8	-2.4	1.0
May	2.1	1.6	-2.5	1.1
June	1.9	1.4	-2.4	0.9
July	2.3	0.8	-2.6	1.3
August	2.8	0.1	-2.2	1.0
September	2.9	-0.6	-1.6	1.1
October	2.9	-1.3	-0.8	0.9
November	2.6	-2.0	-0.1
December	2.7	-2.6	0.3

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.                                    

** Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.                                        

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

Table 3: Scheduled Passenger Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2010-2014

(FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

Month	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
						2010-2014	2013-2014
January	379.4	380.9	388.8	380.0	381.8	0.6	0.5
February	378.0	381.8	389.9	380.4	382.0	1.0	0.4
March	377.3	382.8	390.8	380.5	383.6	1.7	0.8
April	376.2	383.4	390.2	380.5	384.3	2.1	1.0
May	377.0	385.0	391.0	381.4	385.6	2.3	1.1
June	378.3	385.4	390.9	381.7	385.2	1.8	0.9
July	378.1	386.8	391.3	381.3	386.2	2.2	1.3
August	377.8	388.5	389.0	380.5	384.5	1.8	1.0
September	377.7	388.6	386.4	380.2	384.4	1.8	1.1
October	378.6	389.4	384.3	381.2	384.7	1.6	0.9
November	379.3	389.4	381.6	381.2
December	379.7	389.7	379.6	380.8
12-Month Average	378.1	386.0	387.8	380.8
Jan-Oct Average	377.8	385.3	389.3	380.8	384.2	1.7	0.9

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                            

* Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.                                                

** Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.                                                                            

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.      

 

Table 4: Airline Group Full-time Equivalent Employees*, October 2010-2014

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

	Network	Low-Cost	Regional	All Passenger Airlines**
2010	256.3	64.3	52.4	378.6
2011	262.9	68.3	53.5	389.4
2012	259.2	69.6	50.3	384.3
2013	255.7	69.5	49.9	381.2
2014	256.4	72.1	49.8	384.7
Pct. Change 2010-2014	0.0%	12.1%	-5.0%	1.6%
Percent of Total Passenger Airline Employees in 2014	66.7%	18.7%	12.9%	100.0%

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.                                                                             

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers. 

 

 

Table 5: Year-to-Year Change in Airline Group Full-time Equivalent Employees*, October 2010-2014

Percent change in FTEs from the same month of the previous year 

	Network	Low-Cost	Regional	All Passenger Airlines**
2010	-1.2	3.0	0.5	-0.4
2011	2.7	6.2	2.1	3.0
2012	-1.4	1.9	-6.0	-1.3
2013	-1.4	-0.1	-0.8	-0.8
2014	0.3	3.8	-0.2	0.9

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.                                         

** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.

  

 

Table 6: Top 10 Airlines, October 2014

Ranked by Number of Full-Time Equivalent Employees*

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

Rank	Airline	Total FTE Employees	Carrier Group**	Top 10 Airlines October 2013
1	United	78.4	Network	United
2	Delta	75.8	Network	Delta
3	American	60.5	Network	American
4	Southwest	46.1	Low-Cost	Southwest
5	US Airways	31.6	Network	US Airways
6	JetBlue	13.6	Low-Cost	JetBlue
7	Envoy**	11.0	Regional	American Eagle
8	Alaska	10.1	Network	SkyWest
9	SkyWest	9.5	Regional	Alaska
10	ExpressJet	8.9	Regional	ExpressJet

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee. ** Envoy operated as American Eagle prior to April 2014                                      

*** See Table 9 for Network, Table 12 for Low-Cost and Table 15 for Regional.

 

 

Table 7: Network Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees*

from the Previous Year

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year 

	2011	2012	2013	2014
January	0.3	1.5	-3.1	0.4
February	1.1	1.2	-3.0	0.1
March	1.5	1.2	-3.3	0.6
April	1.8	1.3	-3.0	0.4
May	2.1	1.3	-3.0	0.5
June	1.6	1.4	-2.8	0.3
July	2.1	0.8	-2.8	0.4
August	2.7	-0.2	-2.5	0.1
September	2.7	-0.8	-2.1	0.4
October	2.6	-1.4	-1.4	0.3
November	2.6	-2.4	-0.4
December	2.3	-3.3	0.4

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.     

 

 

Table 8: Network Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2010-2014

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

Month	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
						2010-2014	2013-2014
January	257.8	258.7	262.6	254.4	255.5	-0.9	0.4
February	256.8	259.5	262.8	255.0	255.2	-0.6	0.1
March	256.5	260.5	263.5	254.9	256.3	-0.1	0.6
April	255.7	260.3	263.7	255.7	256.7	0.4	0.4
May	255.5	260.8	264.2	256.3	257.6	0.8	0.5
June	256.6	260.7	264.3	256.8	257.5	0.4	0.3
July	256.4	261.8	263.8	256.5	257.5	0.5	0.4
August	256.1	263.1	262.4	255.8	256.1	0.0	0.1
September	255.8	262.6	260.7	255.2	256.1	0.1	0.4
October	256.3	262.9	259.2	255.7	256.4	0.0	0.3
November	256.4	263.1	256.8	255.9
December	256.8	262.6	254.1	255.2
12-Month Average	256.4	261.4	261.5	255.6
Jan-Oct Average	256.3	261.1	262.7	255.6	256.5	0.1	0.3

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                            

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.                                                                             

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.   

 

Table 9: Network Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees*, October 2010-2014

(FTEs for October of each year. Ranked by October 2014 FTEs) 

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

Rank	Airline	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
							2010-2014	2013-2014
1	UA/CO Combined	79.6	80.7	82.3	82.1	78.4	-1.4	-4.5
	United**	43.6	43.6	82.3	82.1	78.4	N/A	-4.5
	Continental**	36.0	37.1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	Delta	73.0	76.2	74.7	73.5	75.8	3.7	3.1
3	American	65.3	66.5	62.7	59.2	60.5	-7.4	2.0
4	US Airways	29.5	30.6	30.4	31.4	31.6	7.3	0.9
5	Alaska	9.0	8.9	9.2	9.5	10.1	12.6	6.3
	Total	256.3	262.9	259.2	255.7	256.4	0.0	0.3

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee

** United Airlines and Continental Airlines merged and began reporting combined numbers in January 2012.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.  

 

Table 10: Low-Cost Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees*

from the Previous Year

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year 

Month	2011	2012	2013	2014
January	2.2	5.7	1.1	0.3
February	2.3	6.4	0.2	0.7
March	2.3	7.1	-0.1	0.8
April	4.0	5.7	-0.3	1.5
May	4.1	5.3	-0.3	1.8
June	5.0	4.0	-0.6	2.2
July	5.3	3.5	-0.4	2.5
August	5.7	2.5	0.0	3.0
September	5.9	2.5	-0.2	2.9
October	6.2	1.9	-0.1	3.8
November	5.9	1.4	-0.1
December	6.6	1.3	-0.6

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.  

 

 

Table 11: Low-Cost Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2010-2014

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
						2010-2014	2013-2014
January	63.6	65.0	68.7	69.5	69.7	9.6	0.3
February	63.8	65.3	69.5	69.6	70.1	9.9	0.7
March	63.8	65.3	69.9	69.9	70.4	10.3	0.8
April	63.6	66.1	69.9	69.7	70.8	11.3	1.5
May	63.9	66.6	70.1	69.8	71.1	11.2	1.8
June	64.0	67.3	70.0	69.6	71.1	11.0	2.2
July	64.0	67.4	69.8	69.5	71.3	11.4	2.5
August	64.0	67.7	69.4	69.3	71.4	11.5	3.0
September	64.1	67.9	69.6	69.4	71.4	11.4	2.9
October	64.3	68.3	69.6	69.5	72.1	12.1	3.8
November	64.7	68.5	69.4	69.4
December	64.7	68.9	69.8	69.4
12-Month Average	64.0	67.0	69.6	69.5
Jan-Oct Average	63.9	66.7	69.6	69.6	70.9	11.0	2.0

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                            

Note: Percent changes and averages based on numbers prior to rounding.                                             

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee. 

 

Table 12: Low-Cost Carrier Full-time Equivalent Employees,* October 2010-2014** 

(FTEs for October of each year. Ranked by October 2014 FTEs) 

Rank		2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
							2010-2014	2013-2014
1	WN/FL Combined	42,757	45,306	46,015	45,074	46,095	7.8	2.3
	Southwest**	34,990	37,349	46,015	45,074	46,095	N/A	2.3
	AirTran	7,767	7,957	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	JetBlue	11,245	12,108	12,506	12,993	13,598	20.9	4.7
3	Spirit	2,121	2,401	2,812	3,487	3,859	81.9	10.7
4	Frontier	4,839	4,835	4,007	3,437	3,703	-23.5	7.7
5	Virgin America	1,710	2,056	2,433	2,496	2,520	47.4	1.0
6	Allegiant	1,627	1,563	1,779	2,009	2,335	43.5	16.2
	Total	64,299	68,269	69,552	69,496	72,110	12.1	3.8

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways merged and began reporting combined employment numbers in April 2012.      

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.   

 

Table 13: Regional Airline Year-to-Year Change in Full-time Equivalent Employees*

from the Previous Year

Percent change compared to same month of the previous year 

Month	2011	2012	2013	2014
January	0.4	0.1	-4.1	-0.4
February	0.9	0.8	-5.0	0.5
March	1.8	0.2	-4.6	0.9
April	2.1	-1.5	-3.8	2.3
May	1.6	-2.2	-4.5	2.4
June	1.5	-2.5	-4.4	1.9
July	1.9	-3.3	-6.3	3.5
August	2.1	-2.3	-5.1	2.5
September	2.0	-4.3	-3.0	1.9
October	2.1	-6.0	-0.8	-0.2
November	0.6	-5.4	-0.5
December	1.5	-5.4	-0.5

 

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.

 

 

Table 14: Regional Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees* by Month 2010-2014

FTE numbers in thousands (000’s) 

	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
						2010-2014	2013-2014
January	52.5	52.8	52.8	50.6	50.4	-4.0	-0.4
February	52.0	52.4	52.8	50.2	50.5	-2.9	0.5
March	51.5	52.5	52.6	50.2	50.6	-1.7	0.9
April	51.5	52.6	51.8	49.4	50.5	-1.9	2.3
May	52.1	52.9	51.7	49.4	50.6	-2.8	2.4
June	52.2	53.0	51.7	49.4	50.3	-3.6	1.9
July	52.2	53.2	52.7	49.4	51.1	-2.1	3.5
August	52.2	53.3	52.1	49.4	50.7	-2.9	2.5
September	52.3	53.4	51.1	49.5	50.5	-3.5	1.9
October	52.4	53.5	50.3	49.9	49.8	-5.0	-0.2
November	52.7	53.0	50.1	49.9
December	52.5	53.3	50.4	50.2
12-Month Average	52.2	53.0	51.7	49.8
Jan-Oct Average	52.1	52.9	52.0	49.7	50.5	-3.0	1.5

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                            

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.  

 

Table 15: Regional Airline Full-time Equivalent Employees*, October 2010-2014 

(FTEs for October of each year. Ranked by October 2014 FTEs) 

Rank		2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	Percent Change
							2010-2014	2013-2014
1	Envoy**	9,457	10,184	10,441	11,144	11,035	16.7	-1.0
2	SkyWest	9,023	9,414	9,227	9,538	9,484	5.1	-0.6
3	XE/EV Combined	9,185	9,296	8,935	9,086	8,945	-2.6	-1.6
	ExpressJet***	5,476	5,427	8,935	9,086	8,945	N/A	-1.6
	Atlantic Southeast***	3,709	3,869	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
4	9E/XJ Combined	5,624	5,710	4,750	4,052	3,609	-35.8	-10.9
	Endeavor****	3,421	3,758	4,750	4,052	3,609	N/A	-10.9
	Mesaba****	2,203	1,952	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
5	Republic	2,005	2,028	2,057	2,600	3,043	51.8	17.0
6	Horizon	2,938	2,838	2,732	2,719	2,834	-3.5	4.2
9	Air Wisconsin	2,531	2,555	2,544	2,455	1,966	-22.3	-19.9
7	Mesa	2,092	1,840	1,643	1,770	2,142	2.4	21.0
8	Shuttle America	1,242	1,581	1,890	2,013	1,976	59.1	-1.8
10	PSA	998	1,040	1,089	1,097	1,636	63.9	49.1
11	Compass	977	1,026	1,135	1,153	1,174	20.2	1.8
12	GoJet	552	611	1,036	1,096	1,114	101.8	1.6
13	Chautauqua#	N/A	N/A	1,322	1,167	831	N/A	-28.8
14	Executive##	1,771	1,799	1,330	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
15	Colgan###	1,391	1,580	64	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
16	Comair####	2,497	1,992	114	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
17	Lynx#####	121	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	Total	52,404	53,494	50,309	49,890	49,789	-5.0	-0.2

 

 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics                                                                                        

* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count two part-time employees as one full-time employee.

** Envoy Airlines operated as American Eagle prior to April 2014.

*** ExpressJet Airlines and Atlantic Southeast Airlines began reporting combined numbers in January 2012.

**** Endeavor Airlines operated as Pinnacle prior to September 2013. Pinnacle Airlines and Mesaba Airlines began reporting combined numbers in January 2012.

# Effective September 2012 Chautauqua Airlines began reporting employment data.

## Effective the end of March 2013, Executive Airlines ceased operations.

### Effective the end of September 2012, Colgan Airlines ceased operations.

#### Effective the end of October 2012, Comair ceased operations.

##### Effective the end of March 2011, Lynx Airlines ceased operations.

N/A: Carriers did not meet the standard for filing, was no longer operating, merged with another operating carrier or failed to file. See previous notes.                                                                      

Note: Percent changes based on numbers prior to rounding.