Threatened and endangered species feature: peregrine falcon

Wildlife Viewing

---

Threatened and endangered species feature: peregrine falcon

June 18, 2014

Through generous support from DTE Energy, the DNR is celebrating the 40^th anniversary of Michigan’s Endangered Species Act from now through September. Each week, an important species will be featured.

Peregrine falcons are the fastest-flying birds in the world, reaching speeds of 200 miles per hour in a dive. Powerful and fierce, the peregrine falcon hunts small and medium-sized birds, dropping down on them from high above. Distinguishable by their dark brown backs and white faces with a black tear on their cheeks, these regal raptors can be seen on cliffs in the Upper Peninsula and in cities across the state.

Peregrine falcons are currently endangered in Michigan. They were included on the first list of endangered species created under Michigan’s Endangered Species Act. Pesticides took their toll on this bird of prey, and they were virtually eradicated from eastern North America by the middle of the 20th century.

After World War II, the use of a new insecticide known as DDT increased. Small birds and mammals accumulated the pesticide in their bodies. Raptors feeding on the contaminated birds and rodents were, in turn, poisoned by a progressive build-up of the pesticide. DDT was especially harmful to birds because it caused eggshell thinning, which resulted in weak eggs that broke under pressure.

After significant recovery efforts, peregrine falcons have made an incredible rebound and are now regularly seen in many large cities and coastal areas. In 2012, there were 12 confirmed nesting pairs in Michigan!

If you live in a city with a river or large body of water nearby, you may be lucky enough to see a peregrine falcon. They have adapted to living in many cities, making use of tall buildings that provide suitable ledges for nesting and depending on the large populations of pigeons and starlings in cities for food. In Michigan, there are far more nests on man-made structures that on natural structures. Worldwide, the peregrine falcon is one of the most widespread bird species. It is found on all continents except Antarctica, and on many oceanic islands.

The restoration program has been successful, but concerns remain. In order to maintain a healthy population of peregrines in the East, nesting and wintering habitat must be preserved. Peregrines still need to be protected from killing or capture. With help and support by the public, the peregrine falcon will continue to be an awe-inspiring sight.

For more information on Michigan's threatened and endangered species and the 40th-anniversary celebration, visit www.michigan.gov/wildlife.